This book describes the foundation of mediation and moderation analysis as well as their analytical integration in the form of "conditional process analysis", with a focus on PROCESS for SPSS and SAS as the tool for implementing the methods discussed.   It is published by The Guilford Press in their Methodology in the Social Sciences series. 

Peek inside the book at Amazon.com to see the table of contents, preface, and a sample chapter.


Now available through The Guilford Press, Barnes and Noble, and Amazon and other retailers. 

International retailers soon to follow: Amazon [UK; Germany; France; Canada; Japan; Korea; China], Footprint Books, Angus and Robertson, Bookfari, or Wheelers (Australia), Blackwells or Foyles (UK), Beck-Shop, Lehmanns, or Buecher (Germany), Chapters (Canada), Van Stockum and Geneeskundeboeken (Netherlands), Loot.co.za (South Africa), Booky.fi or BookPlus (Finland), BookCity or Kraina Ksiazek (Poland), cdon.com (Norway; Denmark), ark.no or Akademika (Norway), Mightyape, Fishpond, or Wheelers (New Zealand), Opentrolley (Indonesia), Krisostomas (Estonia), Superbookshop (Croatia), Books-express (Romania), 1Advd, Bucher, Thalia, or Stauffacher (Switzerland), Proxisazur (Belgium), Unilibro (Italy), Vivlia.gr (Greece), Magic Lamp (Pakistan), Bokus.com (Sweden), Kinokuniya (Japan), Prospero (Hungary)

Here is the Goodreads page.

Inevitably, typos and the occasional error slips past editors and proofreaders. Here is a document with various errata worth noting.

Learn about moderation, mediation, and conditional process analysis using PROCESS by taking a 5-day course I will be coteaching with Kristopher J. Preacher through Statistical Horizons in Philadelphia on July 15-19, 2013.

Download the data files used in the book:

CASKETS
Hayes, A. F., & Reineke, J. B. (2007). The effects of government censorship of war-related news coverage on interest in the censored coverage: A test of competing theories. Mass Communication and Society, 10, 423-438.  Available from Taylor and Francis.

Authors' web pages:  Hayes; Reineke

ESTRESS
Pollack, J., VanEpps, E. M., & Hayes, A. F. (2012). The moderating role of social ties on entrepreneurs' depressed affect and withdrawal intentions in response to economic stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 789-810

Authors' web pages: Pollack; Van Epps; Hayes

GLBWARM
Erik Nisbet's web page

PMI
Tal-Or, N., Cohen, J., Tsafati, Y., & Gunther, A. C. (2010). Testing causal direction in the influence of presumed media influence. Communication Research, 37, 801-824.  Available from Sage Publications

Authors' web pages:  Tal-Or; Cohen; Tsfati; Gunther

PROTEST
Garcia, D. M., Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., & Ellemers, N. (2010).  Women's reactions to ingroup members who protest discriminatory treatment: The importance of beliefs about inequality and response appropriateness.  European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 733-745.  Available from Wiley

Authors' web pages: Garcia; Schmitt, Branscombe; Ellemers

TEAMS
Cole, M. S., Walter, F., & Bruch, H. (2008). Affective mechanisms linking dysfunctional behavior to performance in work teams: A moderated mediation study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 945-958.  Available from APA

Authors' web pages: Cole; Walter; Bruch

PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

PROCESS uses an ordinary least squares or logistic regression-based path analytical framework for estimating direct and indirect effects in simple and multiple mediator models, two and three way interactions in moderation models along with simple slopes and regions of significance for probing interactions, conditional indirect effects in moderated mediation models with a single or multiple mediators and moderators, and indirect effects of interactions in mediated moderation models also with a single or multiple mediators.  Bootstrap methods are implemented for inference about indirect effects in both unmoderated as well as moderated mediation models.  PROCESS extends what my existing macros (SOBEL, INDIRECT, MODMED, MODPROBE, and MEDTHREE) can do by vastly expanding the number and complexity of models that can be estimated and pieced together in the form of a conditional process model.  It also has the ability to estimate moderated mediation and mediated moderation models with multiple mediators, multiple moderators of individual paths, interactive effects of moderators on individual paths, and models with dichotomous outcomes. 

Download a zip archive containing the latest release of PROCESS for SPSS and SAS (version 2.03) by clicking below.  Any releases circulating with a 6 digit version number are outdated beta versions.  This zip archive also contains the MCMED macro described in Chapter 4 and Appendix B.

PROCESS Model Templates: templates.pdf
Installing Custom Dialog files: spdinstall.pdf

The documentation for PROCESS can be found in Appendix A.  The copyright for the documentation is owned by Guilford Press and is not available for electronic distribution.  If you want to cite the use of PROCESS, cite the book, as it is the official reference for PROCESS.  Please read the documentation before attempting to use PROCESS or sending me questions over email about its use.

Here is a list of errata, including in the documentation/Appendix A.


Learn about moderation, mediation, and conditional process analysis using PROCESS by taking a 5-day course I will be coteaching with Kristopher J. Preacher through Statistical Horizons in Philadelphia on July 15-19, 2013.

Check out my answers to some frequently asked questions about my macros, including PROCESS.

Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (in press). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter? Psychological Science

Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2013). Conditional process modeling: Using structural equation modeling to examine contingent causal processes.  In G. R. Hancock and R. O. Mueller (Eds.) Structural equation modeling: A second course (2nd Ed). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing [at the publisher's page]

Hayes, A. F., Glynn, C. J., & Huge, M. E. (2012). Cautions regarding the interpretation of regression coefficients and hypothesis tests in linear models with interactions, Communication Methods and Measures, 6, 1-11. [at the publisher's page]

Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Estimating and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45, 627-660. [at the publisher's page]

Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420. [at the publisher's page]

Related white papers, papers in review, and recently accepted for publication but not yet printed (email me at hayes.338@osu.edu for a copy)

Hayes, A. F. & Scharkow, M. (in press). The relative trustworthiness of tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter?  Psychological Science.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). A simple test of moderated mediation.  Manuscript submitted for publication.

Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2013). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable.  Unpublished white paper.